Genres
Serenade - Serenades are typically calm, light music. Music An instrumental composition written for a small ensemble and having characteristics of the suite and the sonata.
- Calm and light
- Purely instrumental
- Small ensemble - Although
- Characteristics of a suite and sonata
- Begin and end movements with march-like character
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qb_jQBgzU-I
- Mozart " Eine kleine Nachtmusik" Allegro (famous, typical serenade only containing strings)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Up4X1JHwqI - Mozart 'Serenade For Winds; K. 361' 3rd Movement
Divertimento - a light and entertaining composition, typically one in the form of a suite for chamber orchestra.
- Light Hearted, entertaining, pleasant and informal
- Small ensemble
- Accompanied banquets and social events
- minuets, marches, and theme-and-variation-movements
- Strings, winds or a combination of the two
- steady quick pulse
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=830LICRzWUk - W. A. Mozart - Divertimento in D KV 334
Classical symphony - An extended piece in three or more movements for symphony orchestra.
A symphony orchestras is composed of string, wind, and percussion sections.
- Exploiting the expanded range of tone colour and dynamics of the classical orchestra.
- Four movements which evoke a wide range of emotions through contrasts of tempo and mood
- Quickly ascending rocket themes and steamroller effects (drawn-outcrescendos)
- heart of the Classical orchestra (about thirty to forty players) was the strings, assisted by woodwinds, brass, and percussion
- mingles Classical and Romantic elements.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t3217H8JppI - Symphony No. 9 ~ Beethoven
Classical concerto - A composition for an orchestra and one or more solo instruments, typically in three movements. The Classical concerto introduced the cadenza, a brilliant dramatic solo passage where the soloist plays and the orchestra pauses and remains silent.
- Combines the soloist's virtuosity and interpretive abilities with the orchestra's wide range of tone colour and dynamics
- Contrast of ideas and sound that is dramatic and satisfying.
- Solo instruments in classical concertos include violin, cello, clarinet, bassoon, trumpet, horn and piano.
- First and last movement sometimes an unaccompanied show-piece fir the soloist, the Cadenza
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVKpvD3X6EM - Mozart - Piano concerto No 21, Elvira Madigan
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HXIZUz5mD18 - Mozart - Piano Concerto No. 9 in E flat, K. 271
Classical opera -
Many characteristics of Classical music originated in the Italian opera of the first decades of the eighteenth century. An opera buffa was a full-length comic opera sung throughout, with a combination of serious and comic characters. Dialogue was set in rapid recitative with keyboard accompaniment. Arias used short, tuneful phrases, organized into periods and accompanied by simple harmonies.
Learn Listen Online...
http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/learnlisteningonline/higherandadvancedhigher/musicaltopics/opera/classical.asp
- Voice and orchestral accompaniment
- Orchestra are expanded in size and nature
- Dramatic
- Focus on melody lead to musical syntax
String quartet - An ensemble of four musicians playing stringed instruments, usually two violins, a viola, and a cello. Haydn was the first creator of the string quartet.
- Tuneful melodic lines
- Four part harmonic blending
- A combination of four string instruments
- players would improvise and harmonise, on their own or in groups
- rich cantabile melodic writing with thematic multiplicity and embellishment
- A wide range of emotional content to tonal mysteriousness, light-heartedness
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qoD3bAtmUJk - Haydn String Quartet Op 76 No 3 C major 'Kaiser' 'Emperor'
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KKFzy7tEXu4 -Beethoven String Quartet Op. 18 No.1 1st mvt.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HwlmFGScUFQ&list=PLF41151CDFC4E519E - Mozart string quartet 16 in E flat major (Mov 1/4)
Sonata - A form of a movement consisting of three sections, the exposition, development, and recapitulation, often followed by a coda. The term sonata was increasingly applied to either a work for keyboard alone (see piano sonata), or for keyboard and one other instrument, often the violin or cello.
- Keyboard alone or for keyboard and one other instrument, often the violin or cello
- Multimovement works - exposition, development and recapitulation
- Alberti bass
- Perfect V-I cadences
- Ornamentation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MqVKdDlohSQ - Mozart Sonata in B flat major K333 1st mvt
Mozart and Haydn's settings of the Mass - A form of sacred musical composition, is a choral composition that sets the invariable portions of the Eucharistic liturgy (principally that of the Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion, and Lutheranism) to music.
The main focus of Mozart’s church music fell on the mass. No two of his mass settings are alike, for Mozart avoided clichés and found surprising solutions over and over again, even in works composed only a short while apart.
- Sacred musical composition
- Choral voices
- Church Organ - Occasional Solo
- Multi part textures
- Long sustained notes and flowing melodys
- Contrasting dynamics, sudden forte and piano
